The Term Structure of the Risk-Return Trade-Off. Stated differently, it is the variability of return form an investment. Journal of Financial Economics 76.3 (2005): 509-548. Risk-Return Trade off. Individual securities must be evaluated not only on the risk-return trade-off in isolation but also on their contribution to the risk-return tradeoff of the entire portfolio. It demonstrates the risk-and-return trade-off of a portfolio and helps us visualize the efficient portfolios, the global minimum variance portfolio and inefficient portfolios. In the chart below, we can see BlackRock’s long-term equilibrium risk and return assumptions for various types of stocks (equities) and bonds (fixed income). February 2005; Financial Analysts Journal 61(4914) DOI: 10.2469/faj.v61.n1.2682. The Risk & Return chart is similar in concept to a classic efficient frontier image that maps the average return and standard deviation tradeoffs for any combination of assets. Image of expert, investment, investor - 182626118. This includes both decisions by individuals (and financial institutions) to invest in financial assets, such as common stocks, bonds, and other securities, and decisions by a firm’s managers to invest in physical assets, such as new plants and equipment. Ghysels, Eric, Pedro Santa-Clara, and Rossen Valkanov. Photo about Presenting Graph of Risk/Return Trade off. By Michael Taillard . Financial decisions incur different degree of risk. An investor’s risk/return trade-off function is based on the standard economic concepts of utility theory and indifference curves, which are illustrated in Figure 5-4. "There is a risk-return trade-off after all." All other factors being equal, if a particular investment incurs a higher risk of financial loss for prospective investors, those investors must be able to expect a higher return in order to be attracted to the higher risk. The Term Structure of the Risk-Return Tradeoff John Y. Campbell and Luis M. Viceira1 Recent research in empirical finance has documented that expected excess returns on bonds and stocks, real interest rates, and risk shift over time in predictable ways. An efficient frontier is a graph that plots the expected return on a portfolio of investments on the y-axis and its risk as measured by its standard deviation on the x-axis. In the graph below, risk-indifference curves are plotted along with the investment opportunity set of attainable portfolios. "Measuring and modeling variation in the risk-return tradeoff." One of the primary ways that the risk-return trade-off is incorporated into a portfolio is through the selection of various asset classes. The trade-off between risk and return is a key element of effective financial decision making. Lettau, Martin, and Sydney Ludvigson. 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